The Washington Post
By Marcus
W. Brauchli and Lee C. Bollinger, Published: December 11
Such a mass
eviction would be a dramatic escalation from its previous practices of denying
visas to individual reporters and blocking access to foreign news
organizations’ Web sites or suspending the distribution of their publications
in China .
Chinese
print media and bloggers have endured increased restrictions over the past
year, including the harassment and imprisonment of journalists, bloggers and
social activists who report on corruption, the wealth of officials or other
social issues. The result is a deterioration of the free flow of information
within and about China at a
time when the world’s interests and those of China intersect more widely.
During his
recent visit to China
, Vice President Biden correctly said that “ Innovation thrives where people
breathe freely , speak freely, are able to challenge orthodoxy, where
newspapers can report the truth without fear of consequences. ” Unfortunately,
the Chinese appear inured to Washington ’s
complaints about human rights.
Journalists
are not the only ones facing restrictions. Scholars are similarly challenged.
Like reporters, they are committed to providing objective and accurate
information and analyses. U.S.
universities recognize that engagement with the world is essential if they are
to teach a new generation to remedy problems such as climate change, terrorism,
infectious disease and poverty. For schools with a presence in China and other
nations intolerant of a free press, this means regularly confronting threats to
academic freedom.
These
threats are troubling on many levels. The reporters at risk have done
remarkable work exposing corruption at the highest levels in China . To Beijing , the reports are
profoundly embarrassing rather than a road map to reform. And while Beijing says it favors deeper understanding between China and the United States , supporting wider
cultural and economic ties, it appears to set severe limits on the depth of
that understanding.
That last
point offers an important alternative framework for approaching dialogue
between China
and the West — and for the treatment of journalists, academics, civil society
activists and anyone else whose work involves the free exchange of ideas. These
professionals’ freedom to write and speak is vital to an innovation-driven
global economic system dependent on the free flow of information.
Countries
that restrict U.S.
news organizations’ access to collect or sell information or the ability of
American academics to research or publish are imposing non-tariff barriers on
institutions central to an open economy.
In this era
of Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks, our government has made things difficult for
journalists covering sensitive national security matters and for whistleblowers
reporting on such matters. That, in turn, affects the credibility of efforts by
U.S. officials and
nongovernmental organizations to respond to China ’s
heavy-handed approach, a cost of these controversial U.S. policies that must be
addressed.
How should
the United States
proceed? In a typical trade dispute, countries often impose tit-for-tat
sanctions in response to a trading partner’s behavior. In this case, Washington could rescind
the visas of Chinese journalists working at state-run CCTV or the state news
agency, Xinhua; or block Chinese academics from coming here.
But we
would oppose this. If one believes in the importance of the free exchange of
ideas, information and understanding, then we must recognize that any steps
that diminish that exchange harm us and our case that the right to report
freely serves the interests we all share in having greater knowledge about the
issues before our societies.
Besides, as
written, international trade law obliges countries to treat foreign businesses
as they would treat their own. Beijing
can easily persuade the world that its news organizations wouldn’t be allowed
to conduct journalism the way the Americans do, or that its academics aren’t
free to publish everything. In addition, a broad exception to fair-trade rules
allows a nation to skew trade in defense of its national security. And there
are no codified rules protecting ideas and information.
A better
approach would be for Washington
to embrace the economic importance of ideas and information and to develop a
new international trading regime that would protect journalism, academia and
digital information.
Why go the
trade route? To start, the practical demands of the commercial marketplace and
economic integration mean that China ,
the United States
and other nations have a shared interest in universal and open access to
commercial and financial information.
The World
Trade Organization (WTO) has shown signs of moving in this direction. These
measures could be strengthened if the U.S. government and commercial
interests jointly call for such progress. On behalf of leading U.S. digital technology companies, the U.S. trade representative filed a formal inquiry
two years ago with the WTO to address China ’s Internet censorship.
Congress has mandated an annual compliance report on China and the WTO. A meaningful
next step would be for Washington
to insist that regional and bilateral trade agreements commit all parties to
the free flow of information and ideas integral to trade and investment.
This isn’t
just about China , though the
size and significance of China ’s
economy make the issue especially significant. The Obama administration should
be outspoken that the U.S.
government believes that journalism, academia and the technology industry are
central pillars of both our society and our emerging global economy. The U.S.
government should defend them with confidence born of experience that freedom
isn’t only the right thing to champion, it’s also the economically essential
thing to protect.
Marcus
Brauchli, an adviser to Graham Holdings Co., was executive editor of The
Washington Post and managing editor of the Wall Street Journal. Lee Bollinger
is president of Columbia
University and the author
of “Uninhibited, Robust, and Wide-Open: A Free Press for a New Century.”
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